Hospitalized older adult: predictors of functional decline.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the predictors of functional decline in hospitalized individuals aged 70 or over, between: baseline and discharge; discharge and follow-up, and baseline and three-month follow-up. METHOD: a prospective cohort study conducted in internal medicine services. A questionnaire was applied (clinical and demographic variables, and predictors of functional decline) at three moments. The predictors were determined using the binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: the sample included 101 patients, 53.3% female, mean age of 82.47 ± 6.57 years old. The predictors that most contributed to decline in hospitalization were the following: previous hospitalization (OR=1.8), access to social support (OR=4.86), cognitive deficit (OR=6.35), mechanical restraint (OR=7.82), and not having a partner (OR=4.34). Age (OR=1.18) and medical diagnosis (OR=0.10) were the predictors between discharge and follow-up. Being older, delirium during hospitalization (OR=5.92), and presenting risk of functional decline (OR=5.53) were predictors of decline between the baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSION: the most relevant predictors were age, previous hospitalization, cognitive deficit, restraint, social support, not having a partner, and delirium. Carrying out interventions aimed at minimizing the impact of these predictors can be an important contribution in the prevention of functional decline.

Hospitalized older adult: predictors of functional decline / Pessoa idosa hospitalizada: preditores do declínio funcional / Adultos mayores internados: predictores del deterioro funcional

Objective: to identify the predictors of functional decline in hospitalized individuals aged 70 or over, between: baseline and discharge; discharge and follow-up, and baseline and three-month follow-up. Method: a prospective cohort study conducted in internal medicine services. A questionnaire was applied (clinical and demographic variables, and predictors of functional decline) at three moments. The predictors were determined using the binary logistic regression model. Results: the sample included 101 patients, 53.3% female, mean age of 82.47 ± 6.57 years old. The predictors that most contributed to decline in hospitalization were the following: previous hospitalization (OR=1.8), access to social support (OR=4.86), cognitive deficit (OR=6.35), mechanical restraint (OR=7.82), and not having a partner (OR=4.34). Age (OR=1.18) and medical diagnosis (OR=0.10) were the predictors between discharge and follow-up. Being older, delirium during hospitalization (OR=5.92), and presenting risk of functional decline (OR=5.53) were predictors of decline between the baseline and follow-up. Conclusion: the most relevant predictors were age, previous hospitalization, cognitive deficit, restraint, social support, not having a partner, and delirium. Carrying out interventions aimed at minimizing the impact of these predictors can be an important contribution in the prevention of functional decline.

Objetivo: identificar os preditores do declínio funcional em pessoas hospitalizadas com 70 ou mais anos, entre: baseline e alta; alta e follow-up e baseline e follow-up de três meses. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em serviços de medicina interna. Aplicado um questionário (variáveis demográficas, clínicas e preditores do declínio funcional) em três momentos. Os preditores foram determinados utilizando o modelo de regressão logística binária. Resultados: a amostra incluiu 101 pacientes, 53.3% do sexo feminino, idade média de 82,47 ± 6,57 anos. Os preditores que mais contribuíram para o declínio na hospitalização foram: internação prévia (RC=1,8), acesso a apoio social (RC=4,86), déficit cognitivo (RC=6,35), contenção mecânica (RC=7,82) e não ter parceiro(a) (RC=4,34). A idade (RC=1,18) e o diagnóstico médico (RC=0,10) foram os preditores entre a alta e o follow-up. Ser mais velho, delirium durante a hospitalização (RC=5,92) e ter risco de declínio funcional (RC=5,53), foram preditores de declinio entre a baseline e o follow-up. Conclusão: os preditores mais relevantes foram idade, internação prévia, déficit cognitivo, contenção, apoio social, não ter parceiro(a) e delirium. Executar intervenções orientadas para minimizar o impacto destes preditores pode ser um importante contributo na prevenção do declínio funcional.

Objetivo: identificar los predictores del deterioro funcional en personas internadas de al menos 70 años de edad, entre: baseline y alta; alta y follow-up, y baseline y follow-up a los tres meses. Método: estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado en servicios de Medicina Interna. Se aplicó un cuestionario (variables clínicas y demográficas, y predictores del deterioro funcional) en tres momentos. Los predictores se determinaron por medio del modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados: la muestra incluyó a 101 pacientes, 53,3% del sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 82,47 ± 6,57 años. Los predictores que más contribuyeron al deterioro durante la internación fueron los siguientes: internación anterior (OR=1,8), acceso a apoyo social (OR=4,86), déficit cognitivo (OR=6,35), restricción mecánica del movimiento (OR=7,82) y no tener pareja (OR=4,34). La edad (OR=1,18) y el diagnóstico médico (OR=0,10) fueron los predictores entre el alta y el follow-up. Tener edad avanzada, padecer delirium durante la internación (OR=5,92), y presentar riesgo de deterioro funcional (OR=5,53) fueron predictores del deterioro entre la baseline y el follow-up. Conclusión: los predictores más relevantes fueron edad, internación anterior, déficit cognitivo, restricción del movimiento, apoyo social, no tener pareja y delirium. Realizar intervenciones destinadas a minimizar el efecto de estos predictores puede ser un importante aporte para prevenir el deterioro funcional.